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¹Ì±¹ ´ëÇаú Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°üµÈ ³»¿ëÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù¸¸, ¿Ö ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÇÐ ±³À°ÀÌ °ÇÑÁö¸¦ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÁüÀÛÇØº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÇÐ ±³¼öµéÀÌ ´Ù ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Áö´Â ¾Ê°ÚÁö¸¸ Å« ¹æÇâÀº ´ÙÀ½ ³»¿ë°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¹ØÀÇ ±ÛÀº ¸®ÃµåÆÄÀθ¸ÀÇ "Surely you're joking Mr.Feynman!"(ÆÄÀθ¸¾¾ ³ó´ãµµ ÀßÇϽó׿ä!)¿¡¼ ¹ßÃéÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÆÄÀθ¸ ±³¼ö°¡ ºê¶óÁú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ëÇп¡¼ ¾à 1³â¿©°£ ¸Ó¹°¸ç °ÀǸ¦ ÇÑ µÚ¿¡ ´À³¤ ¹Ù¸¦ ÀûÀº °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºê¶óÁú´ë½Å ¿ì¸® ³ª¶ó¸¦ ´ëÄ¡ÇØµµ ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀº À¯»çÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.(½ºÅ©·ÑÀÇ ¾Ð¹Ú~)

I taught a course at the engineering school on mathematical methods in physics, in which I tried to show how to solve problems by trial and error. It's something that people don't usually learn, so I began with some simple examples of arithmetic to illustrate the method. I was surprised that only about eight out of the eighty or so students turned in the first assignment. So I gave a strong lecture about having to actually
try it, not just sit back and watch
me do it.
After the lecture some students came up to me in a little delegation, and told me that I didn't understand the backgrounds that they have, that they can study without doing the problems, that they have already learned arithmetic, and that this stuff was beneath them.
So I kept going with the class, and no matter how complicated or obviously advanced the work was becoming, they were never handing a damn thing in. Of course I realieze what it was: They couldn't
do it!
One other thing I could never get them to do was to ask questions. Finally, a student explained it to me: "If I ask you a question during the lecture, afterwards everybody will be telling me, 'What are you wasting our time for in the class? We're trying to
learn something. And you're stopping him by asking a question.'"
It was a kind of one-upmanship, where nobody knows what's going on, and they'd put the other one down as if they
did know. They all fake that they know, and if one student admints for a moment that something is confusing by asking a question, the others take a high-handed attitude, acting as if it's not confusing at all, telling him that he's wasting their time.
I explained how useful it was to work together, to discuss the questions, to talk it over, but they wouldn't do that either, because they would be losing face if they had to ask someone else. It was pitiful! All the work they did, intelligent people, but they got themselves into this funny state of mind, this strange kind of self-propagating "education" which is meaningless, utterly meaningless!
ÆÄÀθ¸ ±³¼ö´Â Çб⸦ ¸¶Ä£ µÚ ºê¶óÁú¿¡¼ ±³´Ü¿¡ ¼ º» ¼Ò°¨À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸®¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÚ¸®¿¡´Â ±× ´ëÇÐ ¹°¸®Çаú ±³¼ö¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ±³À°°è Àλ簡 Âü¼®Çß´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ðÁú°Ô ¸¶À½À» ¸Ô°í, ³»¿ëµµ ¸ð¸¥ ä ¹«Á¶°Ç ¾Ï±âÇÏ°í ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡´Â À§¿Í °°Àº Àǹ̾ø´Â ºê¶óÁú ±³À°¹æ½ÄÀ» ½Å¶öÇÏ°Ô ºñÆÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Then I say, "The main purpose of my talk is to demonstrate to you that
no science is being taught in Brazil!"
I can see them stir, thinking, "What? No science? This is absolutely crazy! We have all these classes."
So I tell them that one of the first things to strike me when I came to Brazil was to see elementary school kids learing physics in Brazil, beginning much earlier than kids do in United States, that it's amazing you don't find many physicists in Brazil - why is that? So many kids are working so hard, and nothing comes of it.

Then I gave the analogy of a Greek scholar who loves the Greek language, who knows that in his own country there aren't many children studying Greek. But he comes to another country, where he is delighted to find everybody studying Greek - even the smaller kids in the elementary schools. He goes to the examination of a student who is coming to get his degree in Greek, and asks him, "What were Socrates' ideas on the relationship between Truth and Beauty?" - and the student can't answer. Then he asks the student, "What did Socrates say to Plato in the Third Symposium?" the student lights up and goes, "
Brrrrrrrrr-up" - he tells you everything, word for word, that Socrates said, in beautiful Greek.
But what Socrates was talking about in the Third Symposium was the relationship between Truth and Beauty!
What this Greek scholar discovers is, the students in another country learn Greek by first learning to pronounce the letters, then the words, and then sentences and paragraphs. They can recite, word for word, what Socrates said, without realizing that those Greek words actually
mean something. To the student they are all artificial sounds. Nobody has ever translated them into words the students can understand.
I said, "That's how it looks to me, when I see you teaching the kids 'science' here in Brazil." (Big blast, right?)
Then I held up the elementary physics textbook they were using. "There are no experimental results mentioned anywhere in this book, except in one place where there is a ball, rolling down an inclined plane, in which it says how far the ball got after one second, two seconds, three seconds, and so on. The numbers have 'errors' in them - that is, if you look at them, you think you're looking at the experimental results, because the numbers are a little above, or a little below, the theoretical values. The book even talks about having to correct the experimental errors - very fine. The trouble is, when you calculate the value of the acceleration constant from these values, you get the right answer. But a ball rolling down an inclined plane,
if it actually done, has an inertia to get it to turn and will,
if you do the experiment, produce five-sevenths of the right answer, because of the extra energy needed to go into the rotation of the ball. Therefore this single example of experimental 'results' is obtained from a
fake experiment. Nobody had rolled such a ball, or they would never have gotten those results!
"I have discovered something else," I continued. "By flipping the pages at random, and putting my finger in and reading the sentences on that page, I can show you what's the matter - how it's not science, but memorizing, in
every circumstances. Therefore I am brave enough to flip through the pages now, in front of this audience, to put my finger in, to read, and to show you."
So I did it.
Brrrrrrrrup - I stuck my finger in, and I started to read: "Triboluminescence. Triboluminescence is the light emitted when crystals are crushed. . ."
I said, " And there, have you got science? No! You have only told what a word means in terms of other words. You haven't told anything about nature -
what crystals produce light when you crush them,
why they produce light. Did you see any student go home and
try it? He can't.
"But if, instead, you were to write, 'When you take a lump of sugar and crush it with a pair of pliers in the dark, you can see a bluish flash. Some other crystals do that too. Nobody knows why. The phenomenon is called "triboluminescence."' Then someone will go home and try it. Then there's an experience of nature." I used the example to show them, but it didn't make any difference where I would have put my finger in the book; it was like that everywhere.
Finally, I said that I couldn't see how anyone could be educated by this self-propagating system in which people pass exams, and teach others to pass exams, but nobody knows anything. "However," I said, "I must be wrong, There were two students in my class who did very well, and one of the physicists I know was educated entirely in Brazil. Thus, it must be possible for some people to work their way through system, bad as it is."
Well, after I gave the talk, the head of the science education department got up and said, "Mr. Feynman has told us somethings that are very hard for us to hear, but it appears to be that he really love science, and is sincere in his criticism. Therefore, I think we should listen to him. I came here knowing we have some sickness in our system of education; what I have learned is that we have a
cancer!" - and he sat down.
That gave other people the freedom to speak out, and there was a big excitement. Everybody was getting up and making suggestions. The students got some committee together to mimeograph the lectures in advance, and they got other committees organized to do this and that.
Then something happened which was totally unexpected for me. One of the students got up and said, "I'm one of the two students whom Mr. Feynman referred to at the end of his talk. I was not educated in Brazil; I was educated in Germany, and I've just come to Brazil this year."
The other student who had done well in class had a similar thing to say. And the professor I had mentioned got up and said, "I was educated here in Brazil during the war, when, fortunately, all of the professors had left the university, so I learned everything by reading alone. Therefore I was not really educated under the Brazillian system."
I didn't expect that. I knew the system was bad, but 100 percent - it was terrible!