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À̸íÇå (Çǵå¹é) [ 2004/1/13,23:51 ]

Berkshire HathawayÀÇ 1997³â Annual Report Áß, Chairman's letter ÀϺΠ¹ø¿ªÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

½ÃÀåÀÇ Ãâ··°Å¸²À» ¾î¶»°Ô º¼ °ÍÀΰ¡


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°Ô´Ù°¡, ÁÖÁֵ鲲¼­´Â ¹öÅ©¼Å¸¦ ÅëÇØ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÀÚ»çÁÖ¸ÅÀÔÀ» Çϴ ȸ»çµéÀÇ ³ôÀº ÁöºÐÀ²À» °®°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÇýÅÃÀº °¡°ÝÀÌ ¶³¾îÁú¼ö·Ï Ä¿Áý´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ»çÁÖ¸ÅÀÔÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±× ȸ»çÀÇ ÆÝµå°¡ »çµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ»ç ÁöºÐÀÇ Å©±â´Â ÁÖ°¡°¡ ³ôÀ» ¶§º¸´Ù ÁÖ°¡°¡ ³·À» ¶§ ´õ Ä¿¼­ ¿ì¸® ÁöºÐÀ²À» ´õ¿í ´Ã·ÁÁֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁµ¥, ÁÖ°¡°¡ ¸Å¿ì ³·¾Ò´ø Áö³­ ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ÄÚÄ«ÄÝ¶ó³ª ¿ö½ÌÅÏ Æ÷½ºÆ®, ±×¸®°í À£½º ÆÄ°í ÀºÇàÀÌ ÇàÇÑ ÀÚ»çÁÖ¸ÅÀÔÀº ¿äÁòó·³ ÁÖ°¡°¡ ³ôÀ» ¶§º¸´Ù ¹öÅ©¼Å¿¡°Ô ÈξÀ ´õ Å« ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾È°ÜÁá½À´Ï´Ù.

¹öÅ©¼ÅÀÇ ÁÖ½ÄÀº ¿¬ÃÊ¿¡ º¸À¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾à 97%°¡ ¿¬¸»±îÁö º¸À¯Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀúÃàÀ̳ª ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÁÖÁֵ鲲¼­´Â ÁֽĽÃÀåÀÌ Ä§Ã¼¿¡ ºüÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸é Áñ°Å¿ö ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹öÅ©¼Å³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ ÅõÀÚÇÑ È¸»çµéÀÌ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ À¯¸®ÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

"ÁÖ°¡°¡ ¶³¾îÁ®¼­ ÅõÀÚÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ Å©´Ù."´Â ±â»ç¸¦ ÀÐÀ» ¶§´Â ¹Ì¼Ò¸¦ ÁöÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±× ±¸ÀýÀº ¸Ó¸® ¼Ó¿¡¼­ 'ÁÖ°¡°¡ ¶³¾îÁ®¼­ ÞªÅõÀÚÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ Å©´Ù -- ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÅõÀÚÀÚ´Â ÀÌÀÍÀÌ´Ù.'¶ó°í ÆíÁýÇϼ¼¿ä. ±âÀÚµéÀº Á¾Á¾ ÀÌ·± Áø½ÇÀ» ÀؽÀ´Ï´Ù¸¸, ÆÄ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸·Á¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã »ç´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ÂÊ ÆíÀÌ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¸é ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊÀº ¼ÕÇØ¸¦ º¾´Ï´Ù. (°ñÇÁ ½ÃÇÕ¿¡¼­ ÇÏ´Â ¸»Ã³·³¿ä. "¸ðµç ÆÛÆÃ¿¡ ´©±º°¡´Â Çàº¹ÇØ ÇÑ´Ù.")

¿ø¹®: How We Think About Market Fluctuations

A short quiz: If you plan to eat hamburgers throughout your life and are not a cattle producer, should you wish for higher or lower prices for beef? Likewise, if you are going to buy a car from time to time but are not an auto manufacturer, should you prefer higher or lower car prices? These questions, of course, answer themselves.

But now for the final exam: If you expect to be a net saver during the next five years, should you hope for a higher or lower stock market during that period? Many investors get this one wrong. Even though they are going to be net buyers of stocks for many years to come, they are elated when stock prices rise and depressed when they fall. In effect, they rejoice because prices have risen for the "hamburgers" they will soon be buying. This reaction makes no sense. Only those who will be sellers of equities in the near future should be happy at seeing stocks rise. Prospective purchasers should much prefer sinking prices.

For shareholders of Berkshire who do not expect to sell, the choice is even clearer. To begin with, our owners are automatically saving even if they spend every dime they personally earn: Berkshire "saves" for them by retaining all earnings, thereafter using these savings to purchase businesses and securities. Clearly, the more cheaply we make these buys, the more profitable our owners' indirect savings program will be.

Furthermore, through Berkshire you own major positions in companies that consistently repurchase their shares. The benefits that these programs supply us grow as prices fall: When stock prices are low, the funds that an investee spends on repurchases increase our ownership of that company by a greater amount than is the case when prices are higher. For example, the repurchases that Coca-Cola, The Washington Post and Wells Fargo made in past years at very low prices benefitted Berkshire far more than do today's repurchases, made at loftier prices.

At the end of every year, about 97% of Berkshire's shares are held by the same investors who owned them at the start of the year. That makes them savers. They should therefore rejoice when markets decline and allow both us and our investees to deploy funds more advantageously.

So smile when you read a headline that says "Investors lose as market falls." Edit it in your mind to "Disinvestors lose as market falls -- but investors gain." Though writers often forget this truism, there is a buyer for every seller and what hurts one necessarily helps the other. (As they say in golf matches: "Every putt makes someone happy.")

2004/5/12,2:20 , À̸íÇå

"ÅõÀÚÀÚ¿Í Åõ±âÀÚ°¡ Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå Å©°Ô Â÷À̳ª´Â Á¡Àº ÁֽĽÃÀåÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ¿¡¼­ µå·¯³³´Ï´Ù. Åõ±âÀÚÀÇ ÀÏÂ÷Àû °ü½ÉÀº ½ÃÀåÀÇ Ãâ··°Å¸²À» ¿¹ÃøÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À̵æÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÅõÀÚÀÚÀÇ ÀÏÂ÷Àû °ü½ÉÀº ÀûÀýÇÑ ÁÖ½ÄÀ» ÀûÁ¤°¡¿¡ ȹµæÇؼ­ º¸À¯ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù."

"The most realistic distinction between the investor and the speculator is found in their attitude toward stock-market movements. The speculator's primary interest lies in anticipating and profiting from market fluctuations. The investor's primary interest lies in acquring and holding suitable secrurities at suitable prices."

- Benjamin Graham, The Investor and Market Fluctuations, The Intelligent Investor, p. 205.



´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ »ç½Ç¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇϼ¼¿ä.
ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÅõÀÚÀÚ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁöºÐÀ» '¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ÆÈ°Ô µÇ´Â' °æ¿ì°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇöÀçÀÇ ÁÖ°¡¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç ÁÖ°¡°¡ ¸ÅµµÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ±¦Ã¯Àº °¡°ÝÀÎ ÇÑ¿¡¼­¸¸ ÇöÀç ÁÖ°¡¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°í °Å±â¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ÇൿÀ» ÃëÇÒ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì·ç·ç ¸ô·Á ´Ù´Ï´Â °Í¿¡ Èçµé¸°´Ù°Å³ª ¸»µµ ¾È µÇ´Â ÁÖ°¡ Æø¶ô¿¡ °úµµÇÏ°Ô °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÅõÀÚÀÚ°¡ °®´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÁ¡À» ¾û¶×ÇϰԵµ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¾àÁ¡À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷Àº Â÷¶ó¸® ÇöÀç ÁÖ°¡¸¦ ÀüÇô ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÆíÀÌ ´õ ÀÌÀÍÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°Ô '´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ' ÆÇ´Ü Âø¿À¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÃÊ·¡µÈ ½ÉÀû °í³ú·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

But note this important fact: The true investor scarecely ever is forced to sell his shares, and at all other times he is free to disregard the current price quotation. He need pay attention to it and act upon it only to the extent that it suits his book, and no more. Thus the investor who permits himself to be stampeded or unduly worried by unjustified market declines in his holdings is perversely transforming his basic advantage into a basic disadvantage. That man would be better off if his stocks had no market quotation at all, for he would then be spared the mental anguish caused by other persons' mistakes of judgement.


- Benjamin Graham, The Investor and Market Fluctuations, The Intelligent Investor, p. 203.



ÅõÀÚÀÚ°¡ °®´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡Àº '½Ã°£Àº ÅõÀÚÀÚ Æí'À̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
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